The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued a final rule allowing manufacturers to use salt substitutes in 139 standardized foods. This change, which most provisions take effect on December 14, allows companies to replace some or all added salt in products like bread, cheese, and ketchup while still using their traditional names.

Why is the FDA changing these rules?

Historically, the agency's standards of identity required specific ingredients to ensure consumer expectations for food characteristics were met. Many of these standards specifically required salt, which prevented manufacturers from using lower-sodium alternatives without changing the product's legal name.

By updating these standards, the FDA aims to support a healthier food supply. The agency noted that reducing sodium intake may help lower the risk of hypertension, which is a significant risk factor for stroke and heart disease.

Which foods are affected by salt substitutes?

The rule updates 80 standards directly and affects 59 others through cross-references. Affected items include:

  • Dairy products such as cheddar and cream cheese
  • Staples like sandwich bread and mayonnaise
  • Canned goods including tuna and peas
  • Condiments such as ketchup

While the rule allows for various alternatives, it does not mandate that companies change their recipes. Reformulation remains a voluntary process for manufacturers.

What ingredients might be used?

The FDA did not limit the rule to any specific ingredient, provided the substitute is "safe and suitable" and performs the same function as salt. While potassium chloride is a common suggestion, the agency also cited research on other potential options, such as:

  • Yeast extracts
  • Amino acids
  • MSG (monosodium glutamate)
  • Dairy extracts

Some research suggests that using potassium chloride can sometimes result in a bitter or metallic taste. To prevent this, manufacturers may blend it with other flavor enhancers or regular salt.

FAQ

Do I need to look for special labels?

There is no new requirement for special front-of-package disclosures, but substitutes must be listed by their common names in the ingredient statement.

Is potassium chloride required?

No, the rule does not require the use of potassium chloride, though it is a common alternative mentioned in public comments.